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References
|
Design
|
N
|
Dose
|
Control
|
Treatment
|
Wash-out
|
Run-in
|
Challenge
|
Outcome
|
|---|
|
Biesiekierski [84]
|
DB-RCT
|
34
|
16 g/days
|
GF bread or muffin
|
6 weeks
|
No data
|
–
|
Muffins/bread slices
|
IBS-triggered by gluten challenge
|
|
Carroccio [14]
|
DBPC
|
50
|
10 g/days
|
Xylose
|
2 weeks
|
1 weeks
|
4 weeks elimination
|
Capsules wheat
|
GS-Symptoms triggered by wheat
|
|
Biesiekierski [85]
|
DB, cross-over
|
22
|
16 g/days
|
Gluten-low (2 g/days), placebo
|
2 weeks
|
2 weeks
|
6d GFD, 2 weeks low FODMAP
|
Gluten-rich meals
|
No symptoms by gluten challenge
|
|
Di Sabatino [86]
|
DBPC, cross-over
|
61
|
4.4 g/days
| |
1 weeks
|
1 weeks
|
GFD
|
Capsules gluten
|
IBS-triggered by gluten challenge
|
|
Shahbazkhani [87]
|
DBPC
|
72
|
50 g/days
|
Sachet powder rice flour
|
6 weeks
|
No data
|
GFD 6 months
|
Sachet gluten meal
|
IBS-triggered by gluten challenge
|
|
Zanini [88]
|
DBPC, cross-over
|
35
|
10 g/days
|
Sachet GF-flour
|
10 days
|
2 weeks
|
GFD > 3 months
|
Sachet gluten
|
IBS-triggered by gluten challenge
|
|
Zanwar [89]
|
DBPC
|
60
|
No data
|
GF bread
|
4 weeks
|
No data
|
GFD 1 months
|
Bread
|
IBS-triggered by gluten challenge
|
|
Elli [90]
|
DBPC, cross-over
|
98
|
5.6 g/days
|
Rice starch
|
7 days
|
7 days
|
GFD × 3 weeks
|
Capsules gluten
|
IBS-triggered by gluten challenge
|
|
Skodje (2017) [91]
|
Open challenge
|
56
|
120 g/days
|
No control
|
3–14 days
|
No data
|
GFD 16 months
|
Bread
|
GS-Symptoms triggered by wheat
|
|
Skodje [61]
|
DBPC, cross-over
|
59
|
5.7 g/days
|
GF low FODMAP muesli
|
7 days
|
7 days
|
GFD > 6 months
|
Muesli bars gluten + FOS
|
IBS-triggered by fructan challenge
|
|
Dale [92]
|
DBPC
|
20
|
11 g/days
|
Rice starch
|
4 days
|
3 days
|
GFD 6 weeks
|
Muffin gluten
|
IBS-triggered by gluten challenge
|
